MBA应试英语语法归纳(一) -MBA MPA EMBA

　　4、“非谓语动词”题型。我们必须理解不同类型的非谓语动词在句中的各自作用，必须熟悉它们时态和语态上的各种变化。然后，我们再分析题目要求的答案在句中起什么作用，应当选用什么形式。除此之外，还应当注意两个难点：第一是某些动词（如stop, remember）, 后面既可以跟动名词也可以跟不定式，但它们在句中作用不同，意义也不同；第二是某些动词的特殊用法，如avoid, mind, it’s no use … 等。

　　5、“强调句”题型。必须掌握其固定结构形式：“It is (was) + 强调部分 + that + 句子其他部分。”当然，这种强调句型应同带有形式主语的主语从句区别开来，不能混为一谈。

　　6、“倒装词序”题型。句子结构上必须有明显的倒装条件，我们应当注意句子主谓之间的变化，倒装语序一般分为两种，部分倒装和全部倒装。

　　7、“语态型”题目。我们要注意分析句子的内在关系，是主动关系还是被动关系，然后对症下药去选择正确的答案。
考试中的题型，无论是哪个方面，我们考虑的重点应是多项语法规则和词类的变化形式使用得是否正确，然后再权衡整个句子，从形式到内容进行综合分析。这样，你的选择才更具科学性。

　　以下我们将按照各语法项目在考试中所占比重依次加以透视和详解。

　　二、重点分析

　　1. 时态与语态

　　一般现在时表示现在、经常或习惯的动作或状态和普遍现象、常识或客观真理；一般过去时用于过去某一时间内发生的或过去习惯性的动作或状态；一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，将来打算做的事情；现在完成时表示过去发生的动作造成目前的结果和对现在造成的影响或表示从过去延续至今的动作、状态和习惯等；将来完成时表示将来某时之前业已完成或发生的事情；过去完成时表示过去某时间之前已经发生的动作或状况，即过去的过去。注意每一种时态与其他时态的交叉使用情况。

　　当谓语表示为一个动作时，主语和它可以有两种不同关系，主动关系和被动关系。在表示被动关系时（即主语为动作的承受者时），谓语要用被动语态。被动语态不仅出现在谓语动词中，还经常出现在非谓语动词中。各种形式的被动语态一直是许多外语考试必考项目之一。

　　[示例1]

　　1. My train arrives in New York at eight o’clock tonight. The plane I would like to take from there ______ by then.

　　A) would leave
　　B) will have left
　　C) has left
　　D) had left

　　2. The conference a full week by the time it ends_____.

　　A) must have lasted
　　B) will have lasted
　　C) would last
　　D) has lasted

　　3. It’s reported that by the end of this month the out　put of cement in the factory_____ by about 10%.

　　A) will have risen
　　B) has risen
　　C) will be rising
　　D) has been rising

　　4. By the end of the year all but two people_____.
　　A) have left

　　B) will leave
　　C) will be leaving
　　D) will have left.

　　5. By the end of this month, we surely _____a satisfactory solution to the problem.
　　A) have found
　　B) will be finding

　　C) will have found
　　D) are finding

　　[答案] 1. B 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. C

　　[语法要点详解]

　　将来完成时表示在将来某一时间之前完成的动作，并往往对将来某一时间造成影响或产生结果。它常与by引导的时间状语连用。Shall常被will代替。例如：

　　You needn’t hurry me. I will have finished it by the time you are ready.
　　你不用催我。等你准备好我就做完了。

　　[示例2]

　　1. A thief who broke into a church was caught because traces of wax, found on his clothes, ______from the sort of candles used only in churches.
　　A) had come
　　B) coming
　　C) come
　　D) that came

　　2. Until then, his family ______ from him for six months.
　　A) didn’t hear
　　B) hasn’t been hearing
　　C) hasn’t heard
　　D) hadn’t heard

　　3. Before the first non-stop flight made in 1949, it ______ necessary for all planes to land for refueling.
　　A) would be
　　B) has been
　　C) had been
　　D) would have been

　　4. We______ our breakfast when an old man came to the door.
　　A) just have had
　　B) have just had
　　C) just had
　　D) had just had

　　[答案] 1. A 2. D 3. C 4. D

　　[语法要点详解]

　　过去完成时的动作须在过去某一时间以前发生，简单地说就是“过去的过去”。过去完成时是一个相对时态，它不能离开过去某一时间而独立存在。因此，使用过去完成时就必须有过去某一时间不可。如何表示过去某一时间，有两种情况：

　　(1)明显地在句中表示过去某一时间。例如：

　　By the end of that year he had collected more than a thousand foreign stamps.到那年年底，他已收集了一千多张外国邮票。

　　When we got there the football match had already started.我们到那儿时，足球比赛已经开始了。

　　（2）很多情况下句中没有明显的时间状语，过去的时间由上下文表示出来。例如：
　　They fulfilled the plan earlier than they had expected.他们的计划完成得比预料的早。

　　因此在包含when, as soon as, before, after, until, now that等连词的复合句中，如果主句谓语和从句谓语表示的过去动作是在不同时间发生，那么先发生的动作通常需用过去完成时。但如果两个动作紧接着发生，特别是在包含before 和after的复合句中，则常常不用过去完成时，而用过去时。例如：

　　After he said good-bye to me, he left the city.和我告别后，他就离开了这座城市。

　　Intend, hope, plan, mean, want, think等动词的过去完成时可用来表示一个本打算做而没有做的事。例如：

　　I had intended to come over to see you last night, but someone called me and I couldn’t get away.昨晚本想来看你的，但有人来找，脱不开身。

　　[示例3]

　　1. While people may refer to television for up-to-the-minute news, it is unlikely that television _____ the newspaper completely.
　　A) replaced
　　B) have replaced
　　C) replace
　　D) will replace

　　2. If she doesn’t tell him the truth now, he’ll simply keep on asking her until she ______.
　　A) does
　　B) has done
　　C) will do
　　D) would do

　　3. Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection______ to the nation.
　　A) has left
　　B) is to leave
　　C) leaves
　　D) is to be left

　　4. If you smoke in a no-smoking section, people ______ .
　　A) have objected
　　B) objected
　　C) must object
　　D) will object

　　[答案] 1. D 2. A 3. D 4. D

　　[语法要点详解]

　　英语中将来时间表示法是多种多样的，除will / shall + v. 形式外,还有以下几种形式:

　　(1) be going to + v.

　　be going to 结构在非正式语体中，表示意图，打算。如果想要明确地表达意图和打算，往往用intend to (打算)，plan to (计划)，propose to （打算）等动词，不用be going to 结构。例如：

　　We are going to build a new highway to the east. 我们将要修筑（不明确）一条通往东部的新公路。

　　We propose to build a new highway to the east.我们计划修筑（比较明确）一条通往东部的新公路。

　　(2) be + to + v.

　　be + to + v. 结构通常用于表示正式的安排、指示、命令、禁止等，使用范围有限。例如：

　　There is to be an investigation.要进行一次调查。（安排）

　　You’re to do your homework before you watch TV.做完功课再看电视。（命令）

　　You’re not to tell him anything about our plans.你不可把我们的计划透露给他。（禁止）

　　The President is to visit China next month.总统下个月将访问中国。（宣布官方的决定）

　　(3) be about to / be on the point of

这两种结构都可用来表示不久的将来，强调将来要发生的事情已经临近，后者表示更近的将来。此结构一般不与表示将来的时间状语连用。例如：

　　I feel that something terrible is about to happen.我感觉到可怕的事情就要发生了。

　　I can’t see you now. I’m on the point of leaving.我现在没法见你了。我马上就要走了。

　　(4) be due to

　　be due to 表示将来的用法常与时刻表、旅行计划有关。例如：
The train to Athens is due to arrive at 13:15.去雅典的火车13点15分到达。

　　[示例]（4）

　　1. It seems oil ______ from this pipe for some time. We’ll have to take the machine apart to put it right.
　　A) had leaked
　　B) is leaking
　　C) leaked
　　D) has been leaking

　　2. Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ______ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.
　　A) are to challenge
　　B) may be challenged
　　C) have been challenged
　　D) are challenging

　　3. Ever since Picasso’s went on exhibit, there ______ large crowds at the museum every day.
　　A) is
　　B) has been
　　C) have been
　　D) are being

　　[答案] 1. D 2. C 3. C

　　[语法要点详解]

　　①现在完成时身跨两个时间段,一是过去某一时刻,一是现在某一时刻。使用现在完成时时,我们的兴趣不在于过去发生的动作或动作是何时发生的,而在于对现在所造成的结果或产生的影响。这种结果有时是直接可见的,有时则是间接的、不明显的。例如：

　　Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。（窗户仍破着）

　　He has had a good education.他受过良好的教育。（暗指他文化水平高）

　　② 现在完成进行时主要表示现在以前这段时间里一直在进行的动作，这个动作可能至现在为止，也可能继续进行下去。它强调动作的延续性，也可用来表示在现在以前这段时期内反复发生的事情。例如：

　　All these years they have been contributing articles to our magazine.这些年来他们一直为我们的杂志写稿。

　　2. 虚拟语气

　　语气是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。虚拟语气表示说话者的主观愿望、假想和建议等，所说的话有的与现在事实相反，或与过去事实相反，或与将来事实相反或与将来事实可能相反。所以虚拟语气总是与假设条件句用在一起。除了if条件句外，还有几种常用的条件句，短语也可表示条件。此外，上下文也能创造虚拟的语言环境。但有时条件从句与结果主句可能发生时间不一致，有时虚拟语气会出现倒装情况。除了与条件句在一起使用的主句用虚拟语气外，有些宾语从句或表语从句也有用虚拟语气的情况。

　　虚拟语气结构可分为两大类：条件句中的虚拟语气结构和其他从句的虚拟结构。

　　[示例1]

　　1.If the whole operation______beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost.
　　A) was not planned
　　B) has not been planned
　　C) had not been planned
　　D) were not planned

　　2. Had he worked harder, he______the exams.
　　A) must have got through
　　B) would have got through
　　C) would get through
　　D) could get through

　　3. ______ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.
　　A) Had they arrived
　　B) Would they arrive
　　C) Were they arriving
　　D) Were they to arrive

　　4. ______ right now, she would get there on Sunday.
　　A) Would she leave
　　B) If she leaves
　　C) Were she to leave
　　D) If she had left

　　5. Jean doesn’t want to work right away because she thinks that if she_______a job she probably wouldn’t be able to see her friends very often.
　　A) has to get
　　B) were to get
　　C) had got
　　D) could have got

　　6. _____ for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand.
　　A) Not being
　　B) Had it not been
　　C) Without being
　　D) Not having been

　　7. ________for your laziness, you could have finished the assignment by now.
　　A) Had it not been
　　B) It were not
　　C) Weren’t it
　　D) Had not it been

　　8.If it______too much trouble, I’d love a cup of tea.
　　A) isn’t
　　B) wasn’t
　　C) weren’t
　　D) hadn’t been

　　[答案] 1. C 2. B 3. D 4.C 5. B 6. B 7. A 8.A

　　[语法要点详解]

　　虚拟条件句从句主句

　　现在过去时 S + were S+would+V

　　如：If I knew German, I would read Das Capital in original.如：If it weren’t for their support, we would be in a very difficult position.

　　过去 S+had+p.p. S+would have+p.p.

　　如：If I had left a bit earlier, I would have caught the train.

　　将来 shouldS+ +V were to S+would-V

　　如：If we should (were to) fail again, we wouldn’t lose courage.

　　注：主句谓语除了用would外，有时还可用could或might，第一人称后也可用should。从句中如有助动词，情态动词，动词be或have时，可省掉if，构成倒装结构。例如：

　　Had we made (= If we had made) adequate preparations, we might have succeeded.要是准备充分我们本来是有可能成功的。

　　[示例2]

　　If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you______now.
　　A) wouldn’t be smiling
　　B) couldn’t have smiled
　　C) won’t smile
　　D) didn’t smile

　　[答案] A

　　[语法要点详解]

　　错综时间条件句条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生的时间不一致，此时，动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整。

　　If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years, things wouldn’t be going so smoothly.要是没有过去几年努力的话，现在的一切就不会进行得这样顺利。

　　If you were in better health, we would have allowed you to join them in the work.如果你身体好一些，我们就让你和他们一道干这项工作了。

　　[示例3]

　　1. We didn’t know his telephone number: otherwise we ____ him.
　　A) would have telephoned
　　B) must have telephoned
　　C) would telephone
　　D) had telephoned

　　2. We______ to start our own business, but we never had enough money.
　　A) have hoped
　　B) would hope
　　C) had hoped
　　D) should hope

　　3. He must have had an accident, or he _____ then.
　　A) would have been here
　　B) had to be here
　　C) should be here
　　D) would be here

　　[答案] 1. A 2. C 3. A

　　[语法要点详解]

　　有时假设的情况不是以条件从句的形式表示出来，而是通过介词如：without或介词短语but for, but that, save that, except for等，或由连词but, or, 副词otherwise, only等，或通过上下文以及其他方式表现出来。

　　This change could not have taken place without a solid industrial foundation.没有坚实的工业基础发生这种变化是不可能的。

　　I was ill that day; otherwise I would have attended the meeting.我那天生病，否则就来开会了。

　　But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier.要是没有遇到暴雨，我们还会早到一些。

　　He accomplished in an hour what it would have taken us several days to do.他一个钟头完成了我们几天才能完成的工作量。

　　[示例4]

　　1. I’d rather you _______ make any comment on the issue for the time being.
　　A) don’t
　　B) wouldn’t
　　C) didn’t
　　D) shouldn’t

　　2. I wish I_______longer this morning , but I had to get up and come to class.
　　A) could have slept
　　B) slept
　　C) might have slept
　　D) have slept

　　[答案] 1. C 2. A

　　[语法要点详解]

　　wish, would rather/sooner/as soon后的宾语从句，从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气。用过去时，过去完成时，过去将来时可分别表示对现在，过去和将来的一种愿望。

　　it wasn’t raining.要是不下雨就好了。（现在）

　　I wish I had paid more attention to my pronunciation.我以前要是对发音多注意一些就好了。（过去）

　　he would try again.我希望他还能再试一次。（将来）

　　I would sooner he came here now.我倒希望他现在来这里。

　　[示例5]

　　1. As Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, I have directed that all measures______ for our defense.
　　A) had been taken
　　B) would be taken
　　C) be taken
　　D) to be taken

　　2.The manager of the hotel requests that their guests _____ after 11:00 p.m.
　　A) not to play loud music
　　B) shouldn’t play loud music
　　C) don’t play loud music
　　D) couldn’t play loud music

　　3.We desire that the tour leader ______ us immediately of any change in plans.
　　A) inform
　　B) we went
　　C) we shall go
　　D) we go

　　4.He suggested _____ to tomorrow’s exhibition together.
　　A) us to go
　　B) we went
　　C) we shall go
　　D) we go

　　[答案] 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D

　　语法要点详解]

　　表示愿望、建议、命令、要求等意义的动词后的宾语从句，用S+should+V结构，should可省可留。常见这类动词如下：

　　request请求 vote建议 propose提议 move提议 decide决定
　　advise劝告 order命令 ask要求 demand要求 maintain坚持
　　require要求 insist坚持 urge极力主张 desire渴望 object反对
　　prefer宁愿 suggest建议 plead恳求 ask要求 recommend推荐

　　[示例6]

　　1. I don’t think it advisable that Tom_____to the job since he has no experience.
　　A) is assigned
　　B) will be assigned
　　C) be assigned
　　D) has been assigned

　　2. It is important that enough money_____to fund the project.
　　A) be collected
　　B) must be collected
　　C) was collected
　　D) can be collected

　　3. It is politely requested by the hotel management that radio　　 _____ after 11 o’clock at night.
　　A) were not played
　　B) not to play
　　C) not be played
　　D) did not play

　　4.It is recommended that the project______until all the preparations have been made.
　　A) is not started
　　B) will not be started
　　C) not be started
　　D) is not to be started

　　5.It’s necessary______the dictionary immediately.
　　A) that he will return
　　B) that he returned
　　C) that he return
　　D) that he has to return
　　
　　6.It was essential that the application forms_____back before the deadline.
　　A) must be sent
　　B) would be sent
　　C) be sent
　　D) were went

　　[答案] 1. C 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. C 6. C

　　[语法要点详解]

　　It is/was +形容词/过去分词+that结构后的主语从句，用虚拟结构，S+(should)+V。

　　常见形容词和过去分词如下：

　　possible（可能的） urgent（紧迫的） ordered（命令的）
　　important（重要的） imperative（迫切的） requested（要求的） a　　visable（适当的）appropriate（恰当的）commanded（命令的）    vit　　al（非常重要的）keen（渴望的） preferred（更喜欢的）
　　desirable（想望的） probable（可能的） asked（要求的）
　　essential（必要的）preferable（更可取的） required（要求的）
　　better（较好的） insisted（坚持的）suggested（建议的）
　　necessary（必要的）recommended（推荐的）resolved（决定的）

　　[示例7]

　　We are all for your proposal that the discussion ______.
　　A) be put off
　　B) was put off
　　C) should put off
　　D) is to put off

　　[答案] A

　　[译文] 我们都支持你提出的推迟讨论的建议。

　　[语法要点详解]

　　表示愿望、建议、命令、要求等意义的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句用虚拟结构S + (should) + V. 常见名词如下：recommendation, preference, advice, requirement, insistence, request, proposal, motion, demand, understanding, order, necessity, importance, significance, plan, desire, command, decision

　　My suggestion is that we (should) set up a special board to examine the problem.我的建议是成立一个特别委员会来研究这个问题。

　　What do you think of his proposal that the meeting (should) be postponed till next Saturday? 他建议会议延期到下星期六开，你觉得怎么样？

　　[示例8]

　　The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _____ himself.
　　A) injure
　　B) had injured
　　C) injured
　　D) would injure

　　[答案] A

　　[语法要点详解]

　　由lest（以防），for fear that（唯恐）和in case（以防）引起的从句。

　　lest和in case引导的目的状语从句出现在过去时中，多用虚拟结构，should可省略。否则，也可用陈述语气。for fear that引导的目的状语从句，可用should也可用may或might。

　　I’ll keep a seat for you in case you (should) change your mind. 我给你留下一个座位，说不定你会改变主意。

　　She put the coat over her son for fear that (或lest) he should catch cold. 她把大衣盖在儿子身上怕他着凉。

　　[示例8]

　　1. “You are very selfish, It’s high time you_____that you are not the most important person in the would,” Edgar said to his boss angrily.
　　A) realized
　　B) have realized
　　C) realize
　　D) should realize

　　2. It’s already 5 o’clock now. Don’t you think it’s about time ____?
　　A) we are going home
　　B) we go home
　　C) we went home
　　D) we can go home

　　[答案] 1. A 2. C

　　[语法要点详解]

　　It is (high, about) time后的定语从句常用虚拟语气，结构为：It’s time+主语+动词过去式。其含义是现在或将来，不是过去。

　　It is high time (that) I was going. 现在我该走了。

　　[示例10]

　　1. If only the committee_____the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.
　　A) approve
　　B) will approve
　　C) can approve
　　D) would approve

　　2. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I ____ your advice.
　　A) follow
　　B) had followed
　　C) would follow
　　D) have followed

　　[答案] 1. D 2. B

　　[语法要点详解]

　　if only引起的感叹句用虚拟语气。

　　用过去时表示与现在相反，用过去完成时表示与过去相反；也可用情态动词could, would等。

　　If only the letter had arrived in time!信要是及时到了就好了！

　　If only I could only see him again!我要是能再见他一面就好了。

　　3. 非谓语动词

　　非谓语动词在语法测试项中占一定比例，试题设计较灵活，如对非谓语动词没有透彻的了解，则很难“一目了然”地解题。非谓语动词也是语法中较难掌握的内容。

　　分词（现在分词和过去分词），动名词和不定式均属非谓语动词。在熟练掌握非谓语动词的使用前提下，首先，我们要明确它们与实义动词的根本区别就是在一个“非”字上，即动词可以用来作谓语，而非谓语动词在句子中只能充当谓语之外的语法成分。其次，要掌握非谓语动词的特点，即虽与动词有本质区别，但又具有动词的某些属性，如可以有自己的宾语、状语、时态和语态的变化。另外，还要了解它们与谓语动词、逻辑主语和其他词类之间的搭配关系。

　　3—1 分词

　　英语中分词包括现在分词和过去分词，其基本形态为V-ing和V-ed。这两种分词的主要差别在于：现在分词表示“主动和进行”，有主动和被动形式之分；过去分词表示“被动和完成”，一般只有一种形式。不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只有完成的意思。如：escaped prisoners （逃犯），faded flowers（凋谢的花）等。分词具有动词性，有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑上的主语。根据考试中常出现的分词的不同用法，我们对此进行了分类，逐类加以分析。

　　[示例1]

　　1. This crop has similar qualities to the previous one,______both wind-resistant and adapted to the same type of soil.
　　A) being
　　B) been
　　C) to be
　　D) having been

　　2. This programme will examine the writer’s books in detail, _____ an introduction to her life.
　　A) following
　　B) having followed
　　C) being followed
　　D) to be followed.

　　3. The computer works very fast,____data at the speed of light.
　　A) having handled
　　B) handled
　　C) handling
　　D) handles

　　[答案] 1. A 2. A 3. C

　　[语法要点详解]

　　分词常以短语的形式作状语。现在分词短语必须是主语的一个动作，和谓语同时发生，对主语的另一主要动作加以修饰或作为陪衬；过去分词短语修饰谓语则说明谓语动作发生的背景或情况。

　　例如：Relying on our own efforts, we overcame all the difficulties.我们依靠自己的力量克服了这些困难。

　　Freed of these household chores, the women can work outside the home and concentrate their energy on production.从家务劳动中解放出来了，妇女就可以离家工作并把精力集中到生产上。

　　Frustrated, he went back to his home village.他大失所望，回家乡去了。

　　[示例2]

　　1.______ the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth.
　　A) Having believed
　　B) Believing
　　C) Believed
　　D) Being believed

　　2. Having no money but______to know, he simply said he would go without dinner.
　　A) not to want anyone
　　B) not wanting anyone
　　C) wanted no one
　　D) to want no one

　　3. The speaker,______for her splendid speeches, was warmly received by the audience.
　　A) having know
　　B) being known
　　C) knowing
　　D) known

　　[答案] 1. B 2. B 3. D

　　[语法要点详解]

　　现在分词短语和过去分词短语作状语表示原因，相当于原因状语从句。使用哪种形式，关键在于分词与主句主语之间的关系。主谓关系用现在分词，动宾关系则用过去分词。状语的位置可在主句之前，也可在主句之后。放在前面的部分（状语或主句）表示语言重心所在。

　　例如：The doctor, not wishing to make her nervous, did not fully explain the seriousness of her condition.大夫怕她紧张，没有把病情的严重性全都告诉她。（分词短语= as he didn’t wish to …。语言重心为doctor。即，是医生而不是别的人这样做的。）

　　Confined to bed, she needed to be waited on in everything.（= As she was confined to bed, …）她卧病在床，什么事都需要人伺候。

　　[示例3]

　　1. Michael used to look hurt and surprised when_____.
　　A) scolding
　　B) to scold
　　C) having scolded
　　D) scolded

　　2. While______the sun, the satellite has sent more than four billion bits of information back to earth.
　　A) having orbited
　　B) being orbited
　　C) having been orbited
　　D) orbiting

　　3.______ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.
　　A) When compared
　　B) Compare
　　C) While comparing
　　D) Comparing

　　[答案] 1.D 2. D 3. A

　　[语法要点详解]

　　现在分词短语和过去分词短语作时间状语，相当于when引起的从句。这里的分词表示的是一个短暂的动作，这个动作发生后，谓语动作立即发生，一般放在句子前部。例如：Seeing those pictures, he couldn’t help thinking of those memorable days in China.看到这些照片时，他不禁想到在中国的那些难忘的日子。(When he saw those pictures, …)

　　Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent.从山上看，这座城市非常漂亮。

　　如果两个动作同时发生,多用when 或while + 分词.例如:

　　I got to know him while attending a conference.我是在开会时认识他的。

　　[示例4]

　　1._____in a seemingly endless war, the general was forced to evaluate the situation again.
　　A) Since the loss of 50,000 soldiers
　　B) Because of 50,000 soldiers having lost
　　C) Having lost over 50,000 soldiers
　　D) 50,000 soldiers were lost

　　2. _____ such a good chance, he planned to learn more.
　　A) To be given
　　B) Having been given
　　C) Having given
　　D) Giving

　　[答案] 1.C 2. B

　　[语法要点详解]

　　如果现在分词表示的动作完成了以后，谓语表示的动作才发生，则分词需要用完成形式。例如：The old man, having seen his daughter off, came back to the house. 老太送走女儿后，回到家里。

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